In the late 16th century, Saphardic Jews, orthodox Greeks, Armenians, Englishmen, and Frenchmen came to Livorno to escape from racial and religious persecutions. They have all left important traces of their religions.

Livorno, without ghettos, has always been a melting pot of different cultures that have learned to live side by side. The fact that there are several different religious temples in Livorno is an expression of this multiculturalism.

Via della Madonna is a good example, where you find three different Christian churches: the Armenian, the Catholic, and the Greek orthodox church. In Via Verdi, you find the Anglican church and nearby, the English graveyard and the Evangelical church.

In the area of Piazza Grande, it is possible to visit the Dutch church, while just a few steps from the Duomo, in Piazza Benamozegh, you find the Synagogue. There are also many Catholic churches such as San Ferdinando and Santa Caterina. The first is Baroque and was built in the first half of the 18th century. The later, also called the Chiesa degli Domenicani, is an imposing, octagonal building with a high cupola.

Between the two churches, you can see the restructured building "Bottini dell'olio", from the Medicean period.